Ergonomics is the science of fitting the task to the person. In an ergonomically-sound workplace, workstations and tasks are set up to fit individuals. Compare this to a situation in which people have to fit themselves to the task:
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A machine requires the operator open the door to the machine and insert a 2kg component, and close the door. When the job is done the door is once again slid open and the component removed. One of the operators is 5'2" and another is 6'2". Without attention to ergonomics the first is constantly lifting above shoulder height and the other is constantly bending over.
Ergonomics affects all kinds of situations, both in and out of the workplace. Yet few people are aware of the impact of ergonomics – and how easy it is to make basic improvements.